El sujeto migrante, por su condición intermedia de traductor cultural, presenta una perspectiva ambiguasobre los clichés del humanitarismo. El origen de las protagonistas de We Need New Names y Americanah les permite relatar la experiencia vivida con la ayuda humanitaria, a la vez que la migración y la distancia de esta condición, adquiriendo una voz crítica e irónicamente denunciatoria sobre las paradojas de la piedad. No obstante, en el mismo movimiento, su asentamiento en el país de recepción las desorienta y (...) les hace perder progresivamente su reflexión mordaz, convirtiéndolas en consumidoras del sufrimiento a la distancia y reforzando la colonialidad del poder. Primero, veremos el desarraigo de los sujetos migrantes, Ifemelu y Darling; luego, la evolución de las políticas y paradojas de la piedad y su influencia en el espectáculo del sufrimiento desde la mirada del sujeto migrante; finalmente, el artificio del humanitarismo cliché de los medios de comunicación, de la fotografía y su relación con las ong. (shrink)

The study of corpography (corpographèse) in J.M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians establishes a symptomatology of the body -linked to the experiences of torture and eroticism- that associates the illness with somnolence in the fictional text and the parasitization of the represented historical text. The tortured and undesired bodies of the protagonists undergo a process of objectification that manifests the acceleration of the fall of the Empire and the fragmentation of its discursive body as well as reinforces the secrecy and (...) illegibility of the text inscribed in the body of barbarism. This indecipherable text/body is defined by the paradox of the border labyrinth whose specularity gives rise to the illusion of control at the frontier between empire and barbarism. We will study, first of all, the writing of torture on the bodies, focusing on two organs - the eyes and the feet. Then, we will be interested in the erotic experience between the two protagonists. Finally, we will see how these vacuous bodies establish, at the border, a suspensive temporary bond with the historical and the memorial text. (shrink)

While humans are the best of creations and God’s caliphs on Earth, such a status is always hard to achieve and necessitates many efforts and too much practice. This world also has a two-way path, one terminating in the lowest of the low and the other culminating in the highest of the high. It means that one way leads to misfortune and misery and the other to happiness and perfection. To attain happiness, accountability can be of utmost importance. Besides, the (...) purpose of human creation is closeness to God by preferring the right path, which is not often possible unless they speak the truth and make the best use of the enlightening teachings of the revelation to spot the bad and good, becoming aware of their own duties and responsibilities and ultimately putting them into effect. This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of values in the relationship between accountability and trust among Muslim managers and employees in Islamic organisations, using a descriptive method through a field study. The statistical population included 2500 senior Muslim managers and employees of Iraqi government organisations, selected via simple random sampling. In this research, structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was recruited for data analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS). The study results demonstrated that accountability in Muslim managers and employees has a significant positive effect on trust (p = 0.45) and values (p = 0.81). Moreover, the findings revealed that values have a positive effect on reinforcing trust in Islamic organisations (p = 0.54), and above all bolster the relationship between accountability in managers and employees and organisational trust (p = 0.43).Contribution: The accountability of managers and employees can have a positive effect on individuals’ performance in organisations. In general, psychological pressures in organisations result in organisational transformation and then maintain values through trust-building. Such changes can be subsequently operationalized and have a profound impact on people’s behaviour by affecting work order and keeping them always growing, agile and diligent, in order to reach a new level of performance. (shrink)

La thèse dont l’ouvrage de Laetitia Dion est issu examine l’influence de l’actualité politico-religieuse et des traditions narratives françaises et étrangères sur la transformation de la matière narrative autour du mariage. Nouvelles-fabliaux, nouvelles plus longues aux tonalités variées, avec ou sans histoire-cadre, récits longs ou formes encore hybrides de romans, des Cent Nouvelles nouvelles de P. de Vigneulles (v. 1515) aux Histoires tragiques de Pierre Boaistuau (1559), treize fictions n...

Les recueils de Vies de femmes illustres, genre littéraire à succès à la Renaissance, utilisent l’exemplarité à des fins didactiques tout autant que polémiques. L’étude de la figure particulière de Didon permet d’envisager les enjeux et modalités de la construction de l’exemplarité féminine. Entre l’amoureuse éplorée de Virgile et l’intransigeante uniuira de Justin, la balance n’est pas égale. Seule Christine de Pizan entreprend de louer l’héroïne virgilienne, tandis que Champier mélange les sources pour en faire une digne épouse. De nombreux (...) auteurs dont Boccace, retiennent l’exemple de cellequi se sacrifia pour garder sa chasteté et sauver sa cité, indiquant par là les cadres fixés à l’héroïsme au féminin. (shrink)

"Nous pensons dans la langue et communiquons grâce à elle. Or les langues diffèrent, selon le temps et le lieu, et rendent nécessaire l'acte de traduire, l'effort de dire la même chose autrement.

El reclutamiento de esclavos y libertos en las milicias, guerrillas y ejércitos conformados durante las guerras de Independencia fue un fenómeno creciente tanto en las filas de las fuerzas realistas como en la de los patriotas. Ambos prometieron a los reclutas con ese estatus social la libertad por su servicio militar, pero el Ejército libertador le sumó al hecho de ser personas libres la ciudadanía. Los libertos soldados, entonces, aprovecharon el contexto generado por la guerra para luchar y afianzar la (...) libertad, la ciudadanía y otros derechos a través de memoriales y representaciones en los cuales emplearon un lenguaje revolucionario que en ocasiones trascendía las propuestas de los libertadores. (shrink)

Entre las críticas de los más férreos oponentes de la teoría kuhniana de la ciencia sobresale un reparo que fue planteado simultáneamente tanto por Popper, como por su discípulo Watkins. Ambos filósofos sostuvieron que, si nos comprometemos con la tesis que afirma que hay Ciencia Normal, tendríamos que aceptar la consecuencia absurda de que las teorías científicas degeneran en dogmas. En este trabajo mostraré que la tesis de Kuhn no tiene las implicaciones desastrosas atrás señaladas y que Popper -y Watkins- (...) ofrecen una imagen increíblemente distorsionada de la naturaleza misma de la Ciencia Normal y de los paradigmas, a tal punto que las razones en las cuales Popper basa la acusación de dogmatismo dependen de un argumento defectuoso. Para ello, voy a contrastar los patrones históricos que Kuhn identifica en los episodios de Ciencia Normal, con las características que le atribuyen sus críticos. Argumentaré, a partir de las contribuciones de Hooke a la mecánica clásica, que no es cierto que uno de los atributos que distingue a los “científicos normales” sea la adhesión doctrinaria, i.e., que el científico normal está obligado a suscribir una teoría por moda o por autoridad. Palabras-clave: paradigmas, ciencia normal, teoría dominante, dogma, mecánica clásica de partículas. (shrink)

Cet article présente deux dépôts de matériel en position secondaire mis au jour en 2008 et 2010 dans la partie nord du secteur Pi de Malia, où la principale phase reconnue correspondait à l’horizon de destruction du Quartier Mu (MM IIB). Or la céramique de ces dépôts appartient à une phase antérieure que l’on peut placer au MM IIA, une phase encore très mal documentée à Malia. Bien qu’il s’agisse manifestement de dépotoirs et qu’aucune structure architecturale ne leur soit clairement (...) associée, leur publication apparaît ainsi utile à la définition de la chrono-typologie céramique maliote. La présentation des autres catégories matérielles composant ces dépôts apporte en outre un modeste éclairage sur les modes de vie à Malia pendant la période protopalatiale. (shrink)

La fouille du puits 883, menée par la mission française de Kition à Bamboula (2017-2018), a livré de nombreux restes fauniques au sein d’un comblement daté du ive siècle apr. J.‑C. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude collaborative réalisée par des archéozoologues qui ont mis en évidence une grande diversité animale (bétail, carnivores, coquillages, oiseaux, rongeurs, reptiles, poissons). Ce matériel faunique offre l’opportunité d’aborder le paysage animalier d’un secteur de la ville antique dans sa multiplicité, avec des animaux liés (...) directement aux pratiques économiques et domestiques (élevage, consommation carnée, utilisation d’animaux auxiliaires) dont les déchets s’avèrent de différentes natures (alimentaires, équarrissage, cadavres animaux). D’autres espèces, plus discrètes, ont su profiter des déchets et denrées produites par les habitants de ce quartier, témoignant ainsi de la porosité entre contextes urbanisés et environnements naturels. (shrink)

Les Journées maliotes organisées à l'École française d'Athènes les 2 et 3 novembre 2007 portaient sur l'organisation des espaces et l'exploitation des ressources, thèmes qui permettaient d'unir les approches effectuées ces dernières années selon deux échelles différentes, celle de l'agglomération et de l'urbanisme d'une part, celle de l'organisation du territoire d'autre part. Les contributions portent toutes sur des recherches en cours, dont la publication est récente ou proche. Elles sont publiées ici sous forme de résumés argumentés et reflètent fidèlement les (...) discussions qui les suivirent. (shrink)

L’étude du sexe et des sexualités à l’époque romaine « sort du placard », alors que les universitaires explorent de nouveaux sujets au-delà des dynamiques entre sexe et genre plus traditionnellement étudiées. Un-Roman sex offre de nouvelles manières d’étudier le sexe, le genre et les sexualités en explorant à la fois les relations entre personnes de même sexe et les rapports de pouvoir genrés, et en replaçant le sexe au cœur de la vie quotidienne des provinces romaines. Cet ouvrage collectif...

Al lector se le ofrece en esta antología de trabajos un dialogo interdisciplinar bajo la rubrica de una filosofía de la medicina. La elaboración de esta obra ha sido posible gracias a las aportaciones tan versátiles que el Seminario de Epistemología de las Ciencias de la Salud (SECS) acogió en su programa transversal: donde se trataba de articular aquello que hemos venido llamando una filosofía de la medicina en concreto y una filosofía de las ciencias de la salud en general. (...) Con el propósito de emplazar la filosofía de la medicina dentro del conjunto de campos que puedan adscribirse a las ciencias de la salud, esta antología se divide en cuatro bloques en los que se figura: el horizonte temático de la filosofía de la medicina, un análisis exhaustivo sobre el abordamiento metodológico en las ciencias de la salud, el estado de la cuestión sobre los debates concurridos en torno a la definición de la enfermedad y el estudio pormenorizado de los presupuestos del modelo biomédico. En este primer bloque: Filosofía de la medicina: estado del arte, la tarea de responder una serie de preguntas que permita delimitar el mapa de este campo de investigación con respecto a otros. ¿Qué hace a la filosofía de la medicina un campo autónomo de investigación? ¿Cuál es el conjunto de problemas que aborda la filosofía de la medicina? ¿Qué subcampos conforman, en la actualidad, a esta disciplina? El segundo bloque que compone esta antología, se da comienzo al estudio de la epistemología y metodología de la ciencias de la salud. Atocha Aliseda, Rodrigo Itzamna Fuentes y Fernanda Samaniego realizarán en sus trabajos una tarea tentativa, pero metodológicamente sugerente, de destacar actividades cognitivas específicas para la resolución de problemas en terreno clínico. Sobre la caracterización de enfermedad: disfunción biológica y sobrediagnóstico es el título de nuestro tercer bloque; donde Mariana Salcedo y Adriana Murguía analizan los diferentes debates surgidos sobre la concepción -tan escurridiza- de enfermedad. El cuarto y último bloque se divide entre los trabajos de Marcia Villanueva, David Fajardo-Chica y David Servín Hernández, en los que se realizará una reflexión de la deshumanización en la práctica de la medicina, el sufrimiento al final de la vida y la práctica clínica en el modelo biomédico actual. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)-3 test to evaluate eating disorders in young Chilean population. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 Chilean adolescents and young people (i.e., 476 men and 615 women) between 15 and 28 years old, from the metropolitan region, and four regions from the coast and south-central zone of the country. The reliability and factorial structure of the instrument were analyzed, replicating the confirmatory factor analyses ofBrookings (...) et al. (2020), evaluating four additional models that included bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor, and two-bifactor. Results: A majority of the subscales presented alphas and omegas equal to or greater than 0.70, with the exception of asceticism (α = 0.543, ω = 0.552) and interpersonal alienation (α = 0.684, ω = 0.695) scales, which are consistent with the values of the Spanish and Mexican non-clinical samples. The best fit indices were obtained by the ESEM two-bifactor model, with twelve specific factors corresponding to the EDI-3 subscales and two general orthogonal factors (i.e., risk subscales and psychological subscales), consistently with the theoretical basis. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone reconstruir histórica y metodológicamente la disputatio scholastica y acercarse a la manera como era ejercitado este tipo de juego dialéctico en los colegios jesuitas de la América Hispánica. Examinando fuentes manuscritas e impresas, se enumeran y discuten las reglas que los participantes de los certámenes filosóficos de la escolástica barroca obedecían. La estructura lógica y dialéctica de la disputatio es examinada a la luz del método de discusión abstraído y sistematizado por Aristóteles en los Tópicos. Se (...) destaca el lugar privilegiado de la capacidad de distinguir sentidos como instrumento de la dialéctica en la disputatio scholastica. (shrink)

The archive of Gustav Shpet contains scattered preparatory materials for his “Lectures on the Theory of Cognition” and his major philosophical work History as a Problem of Logic. Some of these handwritten rough notes are devoted to Kant, indeed some of them have already seen the light of day in the “Kant­ian Journal” (2022, № 3). The notes published below continue to acquaint the reader with Shpet’s creative laboratory. His method of work with the concepts and ideas is instructive in (...) that it enables us to raise questions about the meaning of “positive critique”, its difference from Kant’s own “critical method” and why contemporary historical-philosophical attempts to actualise Kant’s concept of critique have more to do with Shpet’s rather than Kant’s methodology. Of particular relevance today is the authors’ attempt to immerse the Kantian understanding of critique in the context of Shpet’s phenomenologically oriented hermeneutic methodology. (shrink)

The new industrial paradigm Industry 4.0, or smart industry, is at the core of contemporary debates. The public debate on Industry 4.0 typically offers two main perspectives: the technological one and the one about industrial policies. On the contrary, the discussion on the social and organizational effects of the new paradigm is still underdeveloped. The article specifically examines this aspect, and analyzes the change that workers are subject to, along with the work organization, smart digital factories. The study originates from (...) an empirical survey conducted by the author together with a multidisciplinary research group between 2014 and 2015 in some of the largest Italian factories.In particular, the article analyzes the links between digital society, digital culture and Industry 4.0, focusing on the issue of people’s participation in the process of change, within a specific case study from the railway sector.Many elements of the Industry 4.0 paradigm are widespread outside the factory, in society; they are not only technological elements but also cultural. One of the key aspects of the analysis is the question of participation and the “person-centered” culture. The subject is addressed critically by presenting both the RE-personalization processes and the new processes of DE personalization caused by digital automation. (shrink)

Desde la Guerra contra el narcotráfico implementada por Felipe Calderón, se produce un auge en el “espectáculo de la violencia” (Berlanga “El espectáculo”), es decir, una exhibición desmedida de la violencia tanto en medios de comunicación como en los productos culturales. Esta estética corre el riesgo de naturalizar la violencia por lo que se vuelve necesario pensar en otras formas de representar lo irrepresentable. Este artículo se centra en las películas Noche de fuego (2021) de Tatiana Huezo y (...) Sin señas particulares (2020) de Fernanda Valadez. En ellas, se establecen mecanismos de resistencia a través de contra-pedagogías (Segato) como la empatía y las comunidades de afectos. A partir del uso del fuera de campo, los filmes dan cuenta de la incapacidad de representar el horror y se distancian de la representación común de la violencia. (shrink)

Al penetrar en el tiempo histórico y en la figura de Simón Rodríguez, Arturo Uslar Pietri esboza una explicación del problema originario de la identidad de América; su conflicto consigo misma, las trampas de la libertad, las dificultades dramáticas con las que tropieza el proyecto civilizatorio de la América republicana. Esta visión conflictiva de lo americano aparece prefigurada magistralmente en la propia vida del hombre Simón Rodríguez, por la desmesura de su figura, tanto intelectual como humana, por encarnar de la (...) forma más intensa posible la utopía de la fraternidad y la libertad. En este trabajo nos aproximamos a la visión uslariana de Simón Rodríguez y a la simbología de su figura como representación del problema esencial de Hispanoamérica. (shrink)

The relevance of the topic of research of humanitarian capital as a set of values of social sciences today plays an exceptional role, because human capital is a great character and its goal is the process of mastering the world through the development of humanistic knowledge and methods of cultural education, aimed at personality formation. The Central problem for modern conditions is management education with a view that human capital formed by all humanist-oriented sciences, must be directed to the development (...) and fulfillment of personality. The main task of higher school is the identification, preservation and effective use of human knowledge as a set of humanistic values, which together constitute the human capital needed to ensure a comprehensive and creative personality. The article explains the essence, objectives and main directions of human capital with the aim to form comprehensive and creative personality, based on cultural development of man as his self-development and self-actualization. Objectives of the study are the conceptualization of human capital as a set of humanitarian values, which are implemented in practice of educational process of higher school. The methodological basis for the formation of humanitarian capital in the information society is a synergetic methodology aimed at revealing the intellectual and creative personality, which incorporates all the values of the Humanities, presented by specific synergistic tools. Conclusions – management of education in modern conditions should be directed on formation of mechanisms of human capital as a set of values created by mankind and implemented by social sciences and disciplines. (shrink)

In the paper the joint Logic of Proofs and Provability is presented that incorporates both the modality □ for provability 287–304) and the proof operator tF representing the proof predicate “t is a proof of F” . The obtained system naturally includes both the modal logic of provability GL and Artemov's Logic of Proofs . The presence of the modality □ requires two new operations on proofs that together with operations of allow to realize all the invariant operations on proofs (...) admitting description in the modal propositional language. Logic is proved to be decidable and complete with the intended provability semantics. (shrink)

Normative case studies are designed to offer richly detailed “worlds of possibility” that invite complex reflection and discussion about authentic ethical dilemmas in education. In this essay, Tatiana Geron and Meira Levinson argue that authors' choices of what details to include in a case are themselves ethical decisions that require significant ethical responsibility. Case details can shape which avenues of ethical inquiry are open to readers, whether and how institutional and structural conditions get considered, whose perspectives are included and (...) legitimized, and what political issues are understood as “open” or “closed.” At its best, case “world-building” can help readers understand the full complexity of ethical decision-making in education. However, for this to occur, case authors must seek out expert and dissenting perspectives, field test the case with diverse audiences, and remain reflexive about their own perspectives and how these shape their world-building decisions. (shrink)

Introduction. The condition of fixed assets and their rational management largely determine the competitiveness of an enterprise. Updating the production base is possible both at the expense of their own funds and at the expense of borrowed funds. When choosing sources of financing for renovating fixed assets, it is important to assess the impact of the chosen acquisition method on cash flows and the financial result of an enterprise. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of the (...) chosen method of financing the acquisition of fixed assets on the company’s financial results and cash flow. Methods. Comparison, induction, analysis, synthesis, direct counting, the author’s methodology for assessing the impact of the source of renovation on the financial result of the enterprise and cash flow. Scientific novelty of the research. The authors propose an additional criterion for assessing the efficiency of managing fixed assets of an enterprise: choosing the most optimal method of acquisition, based on assessing its impact on the financial results of activities, and they also proposed to supplement the options for renovating the main environments using leases, since, depending on the economic situation, this option may have financial advantages over credit, loan and leasing. Results. The authors predict the influence of the method of financing the acquisition of fixed assets (credit, leasing, rent, own funds) on the financial result of an enterprise and cash flows; develop the general approaches to the method of choosing the optimal source of financing for the renovation of fixed assets. Conclusions. The acquisition of ownership of fixed-capital assets is not always advisable. The article shows that not only credit or leasing operations, but also rent are comparable in efficiency. When choosing a source of financing for renovating fixed assets, it is necessary to compare the costs of acquiring property and their distribution by periods, to analyze the impact of the method of acquiring them on the financial result of the enterprise and cash flow. (shrink)

This article aims to make public part of the research on the concept of ‘light’ in the theological and, above all, liturgical tradition of the Greek Orthodox Church, based on its representation of the concept of ‘hypostasis’. Taking as a point of departure the interpretation of the expression ‘light of light’ [φῶς ἐκ φωτός (phôs ek phōtos)] of the text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Symbol, the article presents a proposal for the interpretation of the concept of ‘representation’ for this specific case, (...) based on the idea of apomímesis, and applies this concept to a reading of the place of ‘light’ in the Holy Scripture, in the Patrology and in the Greek Eastern Liturgies. (shrink)

This paper argues that the impact of individual higher education institutions’ strategies on system diversity should be explored. By looking at how universities respond strategically to governmental policies as well as to the actions of other (competing) institutions, our understanding of determinants of diversity can be enriched. A conceptual framework focusing on institutional positioning is explained using the dimensions deliberateness of organizational actions versus environmental influence, on the one hand, and differentiation versus compliance, on the other. We posit institutional positioning (...) as the mechanism through which organizational and environmental levels are linked. Our model features multiple dimensions and relations reflecting how higher education institutions locate themselves in specific niches, i.e. positions where they are able to gather the necessary resources for their core activities. The implications for research on diversity and for policymaking are discussed. (shrink)

Modern individuals grapple with a paradoxical reality: their lives are characterized by a strong feeling of independence as well as by an intense social interconnection. This article argues that despite an increased discussion of dependence in contemporary social and political philosophy, current ways of theorizing it have disregarded the concrete form that our social dependence takes under capitalist relations. I maintain that without integrating the critique of political economy, we risk offering a defense of dependence that remains unaware of important (...) axes of domination. In particular, I suggest recuperating Marx’s notion of objective dependence, which has been insufficiently discussed in the existing literature. Finally, drawing on recent developments in critical theory, I put forward a normative critique of dependence. I contend that the issue with modern societies is that they promote alienated and reified relations of dependence, transforming the basis of our social freedom into an objective form of domination. -/- . (shrink)

:This article reexamines the “prostitution objection” to paid surrogacy, and argues that rebuttals to this objection fail to focus on surrogates as embodied persons. This failure is based on the false distinction between “selling one’s reproductive services” and “selling one’s body.” To ground the analysis of humans as embodied persons, this article uses Kant’s late ethical theory, which develops the conceptual framework for understanding human beings as embodied selves. Literature on surrogacy commonly emphasizes that all Kantian duties heed to the (...) categorical prohibition to treat persons as mere means. What this literature leaves out is that this imperative commands us more specifically to engage ourselves and others as embodied persons. This article aims to relate this point to a specific issue in assisted reproduction. It argues that a Kantian account of human beings as embodied persons prohibits paid surrogacy on exactly the same grounds as it prohibits prostitution. (shrink)

Numerous social and environmental issues are under increasing time constraints, and society is placing greater demands on organizations that foster greater social inclusion, well-being, and human flourishing. In this regard, social innovation research has gained relevance as it provides a rich context to examine how to generate and prioritize dignity-based organizing more effectively. This research aims to examine how the concepts of dignity and humanistic management can shape social innovation processes that generate better results for organizations and society. Building on (...) humanistic management and social innovation literature, a qualitative case study explores how the notions of dignity and humanistic management practices are present at every stage of the social innovation process (origin, mobilization, execution, and integration). This paper is one of the few studies exploring the relationship between humanistic management principles and social innovation processes, filling a significant gap in the literature with important praxeological implications. (shrink)

Majoritariamente, as peças de Eurípides trazem nomes de personagens femininas, e tal escolha – já que, em geral, suas personagens centrais e seus coros são, de fato, femininos e apresentam-se de maneira complexa – rotulou-o como misógino. Entendemos, contudo, que se trata de uma atitude vanguardista, que caminha em outra direção, na de expor o coração humano, expor a paixão e o conflito, na medida em que suas personagens não se mantêm lineares, mas oscilam ao longo do drama. Pretendemos, portanto, (...) observar tal característica no legado euripideano, passando por algumas mulheres de seu teatro, detendo-nos, especialmente, na figura feminina central da tragédia As bacantes: Ágave. (shrink)

The Hyperuniverse Program is a new approach to set-theoretic truth which is based on justifiable principles and leads to the resolution of many questions independent from ZFC. The purpose of this paper is to present this program, to illustrate its mathematical content and implications, and to discuss its philosophical assumptions.

The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (French: Psychologie des Foules; literally: Psychology of Crowds) is a book authored by Gustave Le Bon that was first published in 1895. In the book, Le Bon claims that there are several characteristics of crowd psychology: "impulsiveness, irritability, incapacity to reason, the absence of judgement of the critical spirit, the exaggeration of sentiments, and others. Le Bon claimed that "an individual immersed for some length of time in a crowd soon finds himself (...) - either in consequence of magnetic influence given out by the crowd or from some other cause of which we are ignorant - in a special state, which much resembles the state of fascination in which the hypnotized individual finds himself in the hands of the hypnotizer. (shrink)

The article explores court forms as an interactive genre essential for legal-lay communication in civil and family proceedings: court forms elicit key information from predominantly lay users for the purposes of court administration and the judiciary. The information presented in court forms defines the agenda and communicative focus of the subsequent hearings and settlement negotiations, and in some instances even the path the proceedings would take. It is thus important to consider court forms in terms of their comprehensibility as well (...) as functionality for eliciting legally coherent narratives and facilitating efficient engagement of lay participants with the proceedings. The case study presented in the article draws on the combination of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis to explore two versions of the court form most frequently used by self-represented parties in England and Wales, ‘Form C100: Apply for a court order to make arrangements for a child or resolve a dispute about their upbringing’. The comparison of the paper form and its redesigned online version identifies the improvements made as part of the digitisation process but also indicates communicative challenges which can prevent the lay person from presenting the relevant information. The discussion provides an opportunity to reflect on the role of language in online courts. (shrink)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar el fundamento teológico del concepto de soberanía propuesto por el jurista alemán Carl Schmitt. Según nuestra hipótesis, tal fundamento teológico se encuentra en la filosofía del pensador danés Søren Kierkegaard, quien, en diferentes obras, desarrolló los importantes conceptos de excepción, decisión y suspensión teleológica de la ética en relación a la experiencia religiosa de la repetición. Como veremos, tales conceptos forman parte del fundamento teológico de la famosa definición schmittiana de la soberanía: “soberano (...) es quien decide sobre el estado de excepción”, la cual define el decisionismo del jurista alemán. Así, por medio del concepto de decisión, extraído de la obra kierkegaardiana e introducido en la doctrina de la soberanía, Schmitt logra tres objetivos. Por un lado, no solo inicia la crítica al parlamentarismo liberal y al Estado burgués de Derecho, sino que revela el fundamento teológico-existencial de la unidad política del Estado moderno. En segundo lugar, en el marco jurídico-político, actualiza la teología fideísta desarrollada por Kierkegaard en su obra. Finalmente, en el marco teológico-metafísico, introduce el papel de la decisión como actualizador del rol público de la trascendencia en la modernidad secularizada frente a la reserva escatológica de la teología. Para lograr nuestro objetivo, utilizaremos el método de la analogía conceptual teológico-política creado y aplicado por el mismo Carl Schmitt a la historia de la soberanía europea. (shrink)

En este nuevo contexto social, cultural, político y económico, sin lugar a dudas la educación ha logrado avances en el tema de la reforma educacional y en específico en los cambios de la educación especial. Sin embargo, pese a ello se vuelve trascendental a estas alturas un cambio a nivel paradigmático, respecto a como el sistema educativo concibe el tema de la discapacidad y en específico de la discapacidad auditiva. En especial cuando vemos en un contexto más global que en (...) países como: Cuba, Brasil, Argentina, etc. la comunidad sorda es estudiada a partir de una visión socio–cultural, visión que sin lugar a dudas ha permitido grandes avances en educación y ha dejado en evidencia que en nuestro país se concibe el tema de la discapacidad auditiva como una cualidad ontológica ignorando la visión sociocultural que considera a la comunidad sorda como portadora de su propia lengua, cultura e inteligencias, lo cual sin lugar a dudas, es trascendental en el proceso de integración y de enseñanza y aprendizaje. (shrink)

La noción de sentido común en la obra de Hannah Arendt juega un papel fundamental a la hora de explicar cómo un hombre del tipo de Adolf Eichmann podía mantener una auténtica incapacidad para pensar. No obstante, la manera como esta autora comprende aquella noción no es plenamente clara: el sentido común se halla aparentemente en un punto medio entre la actividad del pensamiento y el conocimiento científico, pues aun cuando el sentido de realidad proporcionado por el sentido común resulta (...) fundamental para ambos, éstos, dada la manera como se oponen entre sí, no se reducen a este mero sentido de realidad. Según creo, la tensión que genera este fenómeno puede ser evaluada con más claridad si se estudia la expresión ‘sentido común’ a partir de dos significados distintos –aunque complementarios– de acuerdo con su carácter pasivo y activo: el sentido común puede ser comprendido desde un punto de vista ‘sensible’ y un punto de vista ‘semántico’, respectivamente. (shrink)

As part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many jurisdictions across the world introduced remote hearings as an alternative way of continuing to offer access to courts. This practice-based article discusses the report prepared by the author for a judicial review case which revolved around the claim that in immigration settings the quality of interpreting conducted in fully online hearings is inferior to interpreting in face-to-face hearings. In the absence of pre-existing research comparing the impact of the physical and (...) fully online settings on interpreting, the author’s expert witness report explored linguistic principles governing conversation and turn-taking management, power relations and narrativisation and discursive practices in online and physical settings to illustrate communicative advantages and disadvantages of each environment. The article draws on the investigations conducted for the expert witness report and pursues the following aims: (1) reflect on the role of linguistic expertise required for the case; (2) detail the conclusions drawn and recommendations endorsed in the report; (3) discuss the importance of effective communication in immigration settings; (4) challenge common misconceptions in relation to how narratives are elicited, shared and perceived; (5) explore safeguarding strategies for enhancing discursive practices in fully remote hearings in order to improve non-native speakers’ access to justice. (shrink)